The bubble-popping game was delivered at a clinic following a well-child visit with a pediatrician. Sam Perochon led the analysis of the data for this study. Finally, we examined whether motor digital phenotypes are correlated with standardized measures of cognitive, language, and motor abilities, as well as the level of autism-related behaviors. We also examined whether having co-occurring ADHD affected motor performance. In this study, we hypothesized that autistic children would have a distinct performance on the bubble-popping game compared to neurotypical children. In previously published work with the app, we showed that computer vision analysis and machine learning can be used to automatically quantify a wide range of autism signs, including differences in gaze, attention, facial expressions and dynamics, and head movements. The app displays developmentally appropriate and strategically designed movies on a smartphone or tablet while the camera in the device records the child’s behavioral responses to the stimuli. The bubble-popping game developed by our team, co-led by Guillermo Sapiro and me, is one part of a mobile application (app) - SenseToKnow - that is designed to detect early signs of autism. These data provide promising ways to identify and quantify an autism motor signature and characterize the nature of motor impairments in autism. The development of miniaturized inertial sensors and wearable sensors, and the ubiquity of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones have allowed unprecedented access to massive multimodal data that have been used to characterize motor behavior. This study analyzed the use of a tablet-based bubble-popping game to assess such early visual-motor skills, as it requires the coordination of a dynamic visual stimulus with a motor response involving touch. Studies have found that autistic people often struggle with tasks that involve visual-motor integration, which can have an impact on the development of social skills. Motor impairments are often one of the earliest reported signs associated with autism, and thus early assessment of motor skills could be an important component of a screening battery for autism. The goal of the Sniper Mode is to clear the playfield using minimum shots.Early detection of autism provides an opportunity for early intervention, which can improve developmental trajectories and strengthen social, language, cognitive, and motor competencies during a period of heightened brain plasticity. The Classic Mode suggests slow-paced gameplay with no time nor shots limits. There are 4 difficulty levels: EasyRide, Novice, Expert, Master. A player wins when there are no balls remaining on the playing field. The more balls destroyed in one shot, the more points scored. The game ends when the balls reach the bottom line of the screen. The goal of the game is to clear the playing field by forming groups of three or more marbles of the same color. A special version was developed and published with the Seminole Tribe of Florida using their Hard Rock Cafe brand. In 2015, Absolutist sold the Bubble Shooter IP to Ilyon Dynamics LTD, which expanded the brand on mobile and into new platforms such as Facebook Messenger and the mobile eSports platform Skillz. The game was ported to iOS in 2010, and was ported to Android in 2012. The Bubble Shooter game and IP are owned by Ilyon Dynamics, after they were acquired from Absolutist, who released the original game in 2002. IOS, Mac OS, Android, Flash, Palm OS, Pocket PC, Facebookīubble Shooter is a clone of the Puzzle Bobble arcade game that was released by Taito in 1994.
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